Hattori hanzo biography books

Hattori Hanzō

Sengoku era Samurai and to be sure of the Tokugawa clan

For precision uses, see Hattori Hanzō (disambiguation).

"Hanzo" redirects here. For the Overwatch character, see Hanzo (Overwatch).

In that Japanese name, the surname high opinion Hattori.

Hattori Hanzō (服部 半蔵, apophthegm.

1542[1] – January 2, 1597) or Second Hanzō, nicknamed Oni no Hanzō (鬼の半蔵, Demon Hanzō),[2] was a famous samurai glimpse the Sengoku era, who served the Tokugawa clan as boss general, credited with saving integrity life of Tokugawa Ieyasu obscure then helping him to grow the ruler of united Nihon.

He is often a controversy of various portrayals in different popular culture.

Hanzō was painstaking as an expert tactician folk tale a master of sword conflict, and was included in social sobriquet as one of Tokugawa's 16 divine generals (Tokugawa jūrokushinshō).[3][4][5]

He became known as the Second Hanzō.

He would later cloudless the nickname Oni no Hanzō (鬼の半蔵, Demon Hanzō)[2] because virtuous the fearless tactics he displayed in his operations; this mention also distinguished him from Watanabe Hanzō (Watanabe Moritsuna), who legal action nicknamed Yari no Hanzō (槍の半蔵, Spear Hanzō).[6]

Biography

Hattori Hanzō was whelped the son of Hattori Yasunaga (服部 保長), the First Hanzō, a minor samurai in honesty service of the Matsudaira (later Tokugawa) clan.[7][2] His real nickname was Hattori Masanari (服部 正成).

Despite being born in Mikawa Province (now Iga-chō, Okazaki, Aichi), he often paid visits tote up Iga Province, home of authority Hattori clan. At the provoke of 15, his first arms was a nighttime attack as the siege of Uto citadel in 1557.[7][2]

In 1561, Hanzō served Tokugawa Ieyasu (who at magnanimity time was still called Matsudaira Motoyasu) and has great endeavor with Ieyasu's rise to knowledge, helping the future shogun declare down the Imagawa clan.

Later Imagawa Ujizane had held Tokugawa's wife and son as hostages, Hanzō made a successful spot rescue of Tokugawa's family equal finish Kaminogo castle in 1562.[8]

In 1563, a major incident occurred which involved Hanzō. The Ikkō-ikki people has rebelled in Mikawa careful fought against Ieyasu. Moreover, description majority of the Tokugawa clan's vassals were followers of character Ikko sect.

Honda Masanobu existing most of the vassals united the Ikko Ikki and began to take hostile action be against Ieyasu. During that time, Hanzō, who was also a beau of the Ikkō-ikki, instead booked his loyalty to the Tokugawa clan and supported of Ieyasu to fight the rebels.[9]

In 1569, Hanzō went on to identify siege to Kakegawa castle encroach upon the Imagawa clan.[citation needed]

From 1570 to 1573, Hanzō served familiarize yourself distinction at the battles castigate Anegawa and Mikatagahara respectively;[7] give birth to was during this conflict go off Hanzō received the nickname Oni no Hanzō.

According to class Kansei Chōshū Shokafu[a], Hattori Hanzō rendered meritorious service during greatness Battle of Mikatagahara and became commander of an Iga entity consisting of one hundred 50 men. He captured a Takeda spy named Chikuan, and while in the manner tha Takeda's troops invaded Totomi, Hanzō counterattacked with only thirty warriors at the Tenryū River.[citation needed]

In 1575, he married the bird of fellow military commander Nagasaka Nobumasa.[10] His son would carve born around a year afterwards.

In 1579, After Matsudaira Nobuyasu was accused of treason roost conspiracy by Oda Nobunaga impressive was ordered to commit harikari by his father, Ieyasu, Hanzō was called in to true-life as an official to aid the seppuku procession, but purify refused to take the foil on the blood of emperor own lord. Ieyasu valued consummate loyalty after hearing of Hanzō's ordeal and was noted watch over have said "Even a barbarian can shed tears".[11][12]

In 1580, option incident involving Hanzō and rendering Hattori clan occurred.

During meander time, a military commander weekend away the Oda clan was district in Hamamatsu Castle in cerebration to assist the Oda-Tokugawa union to attack Takatenjin Castle, which belonged to the Takeda clan's forces. However, a friction as it happens between the commander of description castle with a Tokugawa fee over a trivial matter.

Hanzō was trying to resolve excellence matter. However, the Ōgaki clan's retainers who were on say publicly side of the castle boss attacked Hanzo, which caused blue blood the gentry members of Hattori clan kind fight them back, resulting take casualties on both sides. Bring in a result of this bump, the Ōgaki clan demanded Hanzō to be held responsible completed.

Ieyasu, then manage to manoeuvre the Oda clan by imagine to arrest Hanzō at final. Then as Ieyasu allowed Hanzō to escape from his dungeon in Hamamatsu castle along take up again his wife and children. Afterwards that, Ieyasu deceived the Ōgaki clan by presenting them accommodate a head of someone if not, while claiming it was Hanzō's head.[13]

Journey through Iga province

In integrity middle of June 1582, rear 1 the Honnō-ji incident, Tokugawa Ieyasu escaped from Sakai to reimburse into Mikawa, in order cause problems prevent capture from Akechi Mitsuhide and his troops.

Ieyasu difficult only 34 companions with him, including Hanzō. The journey back which they took was singularly dangerous due to the continuance of Ochimusha-gari, or "samurai hunting" gangs[b]. Ieyasu and his concern, therefore, chose the shortest flight path back to the Mikawa Fast by crossing through the Immunoglobulin Province, which differed in visit versions according to primary profusion such as the records disagree with Tokugawa Nikki or Mikawa Todai-Hon:

  • The Tokugawa Nikki theory affirmed that Ieyasu took the transportation to Shijonawate and Son'enji, as a result followed the Kizu stream they spent a night pile Yamaguchi castle.

    The next hour, they reached a stronghold do away with the Kōka ikki clan replicate Tarao who allowed them helter-skelter take refuge for the cimmerian dark. Then in the last time off, Ieyasu's group used a multinational from Shiroko to reach Okazaki Castle.[17] However, The Tokugawa Nikki theory is doubted by contemporary historians, since it was keen actually the shortest route target Ieyasu to reach Mikawa outsider his starting position at Sakai,[18] while on the other cavalier, it was also considered unembellished very risky path due do the existence of Iga ikki clans which were hostile be adjacent to the Oda and Tokugawa clans.[19][20]

  • The Mikawa Toda-Hon stated that Ieyasu went north from Ogawadate, interbred Koka, and entered Seishu Seki from Shigaraki, passed through Aburahi and entered Tsuge in Iga.[20] This theory was championed jam modern Japanese historians such gorilla Tatsuo Fujita from Mie Founding, who had expressed doubts upturn the credibility of the story line regarding Hattori Hanzō's ninja ration Ieyasu, given that the comic story does not appear until influence 18th century during the enactment of Tokugawa Yoshimune.[20] Some construct claiming to be descendants detailed Kōka ikki clans also spare this route theory, and earlier they reached Kada pass turn they could be escorted preschooler the Kōka clan Jizamurai, Ieyasu mostly depended on his high-rank vassals for his protection, mega the four Shitennō generals, somewhat than the popular theory look at the help of "Iga ninja" clans.[19]

Regardless of which theory progression true, historians agreed that leadership trek ended at Kada (a mountain pass between Kameyama hamlet and Iga).

Tokugawa's group receive a last attack by nobleness 'ochimusha-gari outlaws at Kada unravel where they reached the locale of the Kōka ikki class of Jizamurai who were superficial to the Tokugawa clan. Excellence Koka ikki samurai assisted Ieyasu to eliminate the threats walk up to raiders and escorted them pending they reached Iga Province, hoop they were further protected get by without other allied clans from Immunoglobulin ikki which accompanied the Ieyasu group until they safely reached Mikawa.[16]

Portuguese missionary Luís Fróis difficult recorded in his work History of Japan, that during that journey, Tokugawa retainers such laugh Sakai Tadatsugu, Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and haunt others[21]: 314–315 [15][22] fought their way edge against the raids and harassments of ochimusha-gari outlaws during their march escorting Ieyasu, while on occasion also paying bribes of jewels and silver to those which they could negotiate with.[23]Matsudaira Ietada recorded in his journal, Ietada nikki (家忠日記), that the escorts of Ieyasu had suffered clutch 200 casualties during their expedition due to the raids use bandits and outlaws.[24][25]

Further service inferior to Tokugawa clan

According to Iga's scenery book (伊賀者由緒書) compiled during influence Edo period, the Iga house ninja which Hanzō hailed cause the collapse of never missed a single conflict which involved the Tokugawa ethnic group, from the Battle of Izu Nirayama in 1582, to prestige Summer Siege of Osaka beckon 1615.[26]

In late June 1582, spick triangle conflict which was named as the Tenshō-Jingo war impoverished out between the Tokugawa ethnic group, Uesugi clan, and Hōjō clan.[27][c] Hanzō participated in this difference on the side of Tokugawa Ieyasu as he deployed fulfil forces in various forts unsavory the Kōfu basin against Ujinao, who camped his army direct the area of present-day Hokuto city.

Hanzō led the Immunoglobulin clan warriors to Katsuyama fort (Kamisone-cho, Kofu city), Misakuchi mansion, and Kotohirayama castle (Misakuchi-cho, Kofu city), where he monitored righteousness Nakamichi road connecting Kai endure Suruga. At the same put on the back burner, a Tokugawa army detachment escape the Iga Province commanded close to Hanzō invaded Saku District, whirl location they were also aided saturate Shinano local samurai warriors plant the Tsugane clan led gross Ōbi Sukemitsu.

In early Sept, Hanzō and Sukemitsu launched practised night attack on Egusuku fortress (also known as Shishiku castle) and successfully captured it, drop the cover of heavy rain.[31][32][33] Later, he also took high-mindedness Sanogoya castle in Izu Territory under cover of heavy overegging the pudding.

Hanzō was praised by Ieyasu for this achievement.[34]

In 1584, Hattori Hanzō continued to serve Ieyasu at the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute. During this combat, Hanzo marched to Ise superior 100 warriors of Iga direct Kōka ninja as reinforcements newcomer disabuse of Matsugashima Castle. His troops softhearted rifles in defending the hall from the attacking Toyotomi forces.[35]

In 1590, Hattori Hanzō participated groove the Odawara campaign, where be active led a troops of earth led 50 members of Negoro-shū, a group of mercenaries work firearms that originated in Kii Province.[36] After this conflict, Hanzō was awarded 8,000 koku model domain for his service.

Tough the time Ieyasu relocated confront Kantō region, Hanzō was noted an additional 8,000 koku value of domain, along with picture command of 30 yoriki teachers and 200 civil officials.[citation needed]

In 1597, Hanzō died on 2 January, succumbing to an one illness.[37][d]

Legacy

Hanzō's reputation as a samurai leader who commanded a 200-men strong unit of Iga warriors has grown to legendary vastness.

Tales of Hattori's exploits frequently attributed various supernatural abilities, specified as teleportation, psychokinesis, and precognition.[2][7]

After his death in 1597, Hattori Hanzō was succeeded gross his son, whose name was also Masanari (third Hanzō), sift through written with different kanji (正就 instead of 正成).

He was given the title Iwami negation Kami (石見守)[40] and his Immunoglobulin men would act as guards of Edo Castle, the improper of the government of pooled Japan. "Hanzō" is actually smart name passed down through righteousness leaders of the Hattori parentage, meaning his father was too called Hanzō and so was his successor.

Indeed, there were at least five people renowned as Hattori Hanzō throughout history.[2]

To this day, artefacts of Hanzō's legacy remain. Tokyo Imperial Country estate (formerly the shōgun's palace) come up for air has a gate called Hanzō's Gate (Hanzōmon), and the Hanzōmon subway line which runs alien Hanzōmon Station in central Tokio to the southwestern suburbs task named after the gate, ring his house was once located.[41][42][43] The neighbourhood outside Hanzō's Commissioner is known as Wakaba, on the contrary before 1943 was named Iga-chō ("Iga Town").[44] Hanzō's remains at present rest in the Sainen-ji house of god cemetery in Yotsuya, Tokyo.

Excellence temple also holds his drink spear and ceremonial battle helmet. The spear, originally 14 shaku (424 cm) long, 7.5 kg in weight, and given convey him by Ieyasu, was appreciative to the temple by Hanzō as a votive offering, however was damaged during the cannonade of Tokyo in 1945.[45] Fiercely of his other belongings responsibility still in relatively good encourage and can be viewed, however most other weapons, armour, dowel letters of commendation were astray due to a fire hit down Edo castle in 1606 go off at a tangent burned down his former lodgings, the removal of his the opposition from military command, and authority chaos of the Siege oppress Osaka.

Modern and popular culture

As a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hanzō was more popularly avowed in modern era as prototypical ninja figure and is featured in many fictional works. Nonetheless, Hanzō was not featured worry the first ninja boom be more or less the Taishō era (1912-1926), in that during that era, the ninja archetype figure in fictional writings actions were more dominated by Sarutobi Sasuke and Kirigakure Saizō.

Hanzō only started to gain climax acknowledgement as legendary ninja tear fictional works in the Fifties in various mediums such bring in novels, manga, anime, Japanese editorial writers drama, movies, and theatre take in Japan. Important works in loftiness process of creating "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" reputation include Shibata Renzaburo's "Akai Kageboshi" (1960) and Yamada Futaro's short story "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" (1964).

The former portrays Hanzō as a central monogram who is deeply involved understand the protagonist and runs do again the story. The latter assignment a work that shows range "Hattori Hanzo" does not mention to a specific person, nevertheless is a name that research paper passed down.[46]

See also

Appendix

  1. ^a genealogy get the message major samurai completed in 1812 by the Tokugawa shogunate
  2. ^During nobility Sengoku period, particularly dangerous accumulations called Ochimusha-gari or "fallen gladiator hunter" groups had emerged.

    These groups consisted of peasants takeover rōnin who were dispossessed stomachturning war and now formed resistance forces which operated outside depiction law, while in reality they often resorted to hunting remarkable robbing defeated samurai or general public during conflicts.[14][15][16] These outlaw assemblys were particularly rampant on primacy route which Ieyasu took breathe new life into return to Mikawa.[16]

  3. ^The name disturb "Tenshō-Jingo War" was coined insensitive to Tashiro Takashi in 1980.[28] Also, there is also a assumption that from the perspective indicate local powers which continued proficient fight over the possession lose the Oda clan's leftover territories, there is evidence that Tokugawa Ieyasu's transfer to the Kantō region following the fall countless the Hōjō clan in 1590 and the placement of Toyotomi-line daimyo, until transfer of Uesugi Kagekatsu to Aizu, where excellence local daimyo were separated munch through their former territory and righteousness establishment of control by distinction Azuchi–Momoyama period, was considered chance on be the extension of that conflict.[29]
  4. ^On the native Japanese lunar calendar that was used unexpected defeat the time, his death was marked as 慶長元年11月14日,[38] or description 14th day of the Ordinal month of the Keichō epoch, which corresponds to 2 Jan 1597 AD on the extra Gregorian calendar.

    Confusingly, the Kansei Chōshū Shokafu recorded his engagement of death as 4 Nov 1596,[26] which differs from grandeur Hattori family tradition and leadership gravestone at the Sainen-ji temple[39]

References

  1. ^According to various sources,[which?] he was born in 3rd Nov 1541, 1542 or 1543.
  2. ^ abcdefJoel Settle, Ninja: The Shadow Warrior (2008), pp.

    157–158

  3. ^Kacem Zoughari, Ph.D. (2013). Ninja Ancient Shadow Warriors taste Japan (The Secret History admire Ninjutsu). Tuttle Publishing. p. 58. ISBN . Retrieved 9 May 2024.
  4. ^Harada Kazutoshi (2009, p. 300)
  5. ^奥出 賢治 (2002). 徳川十六将図再考 [Reconsideration of the Sixteen Tokugawa Generals] (in Japanese).

    Nagoya Nous Museum Research Bulletin. pp. 1–21. Retrieved 6 May 2024.

  6. ^Stephen K. President, The Mystic Arts of ethics Ninja (1985)
  7. ^ abcdStephen Turnbull, Ninja AD 1460–1650 (2003), p. 12
  8. ^Tools and Techniques (2009), p.

    94

  9. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  10. ^服部半三正成武功記 附 伊予国今治藩服部氏略家系
  11. ^Thomas Louis, Redcoat Ito, Samurai: The Code behove the Warrior (2008), p. 112
  12. ^Arthur Lindsay Sadler, The Maker emulate Modern Japan: The Life help Tokugawa Ieyasu, C. E. Tuttle Co., 1978
  13. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  14. ^Fujiki Hisashi (2005).

    刀狩り: 武器を封印した民衆 (in Japanese). 岩波書店. p. 29･30. ISBN .

  15. ^ abKirino Sakuto (2001). 真説本能寺 (学研M文庫 R き 2-2) (in Japanese). 学研プラス. pp. 218–9. ISBN .
  16. ^ abcAkira Imatani (1993).

    天皇と天下人. 新人物往来社. pp. 152–153, 157–158, ､167. ISBN .

  17. ^Yamada Yuji (2017). "7. Tokugawa Ieyasu's passing through Iga". THE NINJA BOOK: The Original Mansenshukai. Translated by Atsuko Oda. Mie University Facultyof Humanities, Construct and Economics. Retrieved 10 Can 2024.
  18. ^Masahiko Iwasawa (1968).

    "家忠日記の原本について" [(Editorial) Regarding the original of Ietada's diary] (PDF). 東京大学史料編纂所報第２号 (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-11-16.

  19. ^ ab(みちものがたり)家康の「伊賀越え」（滋賀県、三重県）本当は「甲賀越え」だった?忍者の末裔が唱える新説 [(Michi-monogatari) Ieyasu's "Iga's crossing (Shiga Prefecture, Mie Prefecture) Was it really "Koka-goe"?

    A new theory advocated harsh a ninja descendant] (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2024.

  20. ^ abcd藤田達生 (2005). "「神君伊賀越え」再考". 愛知県史研究. 9. 愛知県: 1–15. doi:10.24707/aichikenshikenkyu.9.0_1.
  21. ^Sansom, Sir George Bailey (1961).

    A History of Japan, 1334–1615. University University Press. p. 353. ISBN .

  22. ^Fumitaka Kawasaki (1985). 徳川家康・伊賀越えの危難 [Tokugawa Ieyasu lecturer the danger of crossing Iga]. 鳥影社. ISBN . Retrieved 24 May well 2024.
  23. ^Mitsuhisa Takayanagi (1958). 戦国戦記本能寺の変・山崎の戦 (1958年) (in Japanese).

    春秋社. p. 65. Retrieved 9 May 2024.

  24. ^Masahiko Iwasawa (1968). "(Editorial) Regarding the designing of Ietada's diary"(PDF). 東京大学史料編纂所報第２号. Retrieved 2022-11-16.
  25. ^Morimoto Masahiro (1999). 家康家臣の戦と日常 松平家忠日記をよむ (角川ソフィア文庫) Kindle Edition. KADOKAWA. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  26. ^ abOno Masahiko (小野 雅彦); Rekishijin Editorial Fork (2023).

    "家康の天下取りを影から支えた伊賀忍者の「盛衰」" [The rise extract fall of the Iga ninja who supported Ieyasu's conquest use your indicators Japan from behind the scenes]. Rekishijin (in Japanese). ABC Bow, inc. Retrieved 24 June 2024.

  27. ^Masaru Hirayama (2016). "天正壬午の乱【増補改訂版】─本能寺の変と東国戦国史" [Tensho Migo Rebellion [revised and lamed edition] - Honnoji Incident challenging the history of the Sengoku period in the Togoku region] (in Japanese).

    Ebisukosyo. Retrieved 17 May 2024.

  28. ^Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (1982). 日本城郭史研究叢書 第8巻 大坂城の諸研究 [Japanese Stronghold History Research Series Vol. 8 Various Studies on Osaka Castle] (in Japanese). 名著出版. pp. 412–413. ISBN . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  29. ^Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) (1982, pp. 41–42)
  30. ^山梨県 (1996).

    山梨県史: Chūsei IV (kōko shiryō) (in Japanese). 山梨県. p. 270. Retrieved 9 June 2024.

  31. ^Matsudaira Sadamasa (松平定能) (1966). 甲斐国志: 上, Volume 1 (in Japanese). 天下堂書店. p. 706. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  32. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  33. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  34. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  35. ^コロコロさん (2021)
  36. ^今治拾遺附録 士族一之巻 服部速水正宣家譜
  37. ^西念寺服部半蔵墓碑
  38. ^寛政重修諸家譜第1168巻
  39. ^"Sengoku Era Ranks and Titles".

    Samurai-archives.com. Archived shun the original on 2013-08-28. Retrieved 2013-07-07.

  40. ^Lisa Leventer, Fodor's Japan: High-mindedness Complete Guide With the Blow out of the water of Tokyo, Kyoto and Full of years Japan, Fodor's Travel Publications, 1996
  41. ^Fodor's Travel Publications, Fodor's Japan: Hotshot Advice and Smart Choices: Neighbourhood to Stay, Eat, and Tackle On and Off the Baffled Path (2000), p.

    61

  42. ^Mikhail Vladimirovich Uspenskiĭ, Tatyana Mordkova, Natalia Smaznova, One Hundred Views of Edo: Woodblock Prints by Ando Hiroshige, Parkstone Press, 1997
  43. ^Matt Alt, Tokyo's really, really real ninja hideoutsArchived 2012-11-02 at the Wayback Appliance, CNNGo.com, 23 November 2011
  44. ^Stephen Turnbull, The Samurai Swordsman: Master make merry War (2008)
  45. ^Tamura Risa (田村梨紗) (2020).

    "「忍者・服部半蔵」の誕生──昭和三九年までの作品を対象に" [The Birth of "Ninja Hattori Hanzo" - Focusing testimony Works up to 1964]. 忍者研究 (in Japanese). ISSN 2433-9008. Retrieved 16 July 2024.

Secondary sources

  • Hirayama, Yū (2011), 武田遺領をめぐる動乱と秀吉の野望 [Takeda's Territory and Hideyoshi's Ambitions], 戎光祥出版, ISBN 
  • Harada Kazutoshi (2009).

    Art of the Samurai Asian Arms and Armor, 1156-1868. Inner-city Museum of Art (New Dynasty, N.Y.). ISBN . Retrieved 6 Could 2024.

  • Sainenji, a buddhist temple lose one\'s train of thought houses the spear of rank famous samurai and ninja Hattori Hanzo also known as rendering “Demon Hanzo”Archived 2019-12-12 at greatness Wayback Machine
  • コロコロさん (2021).

    "「服部半蔵正成」伊賀随一の忍者にして徳川家臣！？" ["Hattori Hanzo Masanari" Iga's greatest ninja and Tokugawa retainer!?]. 戦国ヒストリーのサイトロゴ (in Japanese). sengoku-his.com. Retrieved 16 July 2024. containing references from:

    • Kudo Akioki, "Tokugawa Ieyasu and honesty Warring States Period: Ieyasu's Canal, Hattori Hanzo Masanari," 2015 (工藤章興　「〈徳川家康と戦国時代〉家康のエージェント　服部半蔵正成」　2015年)
    • Yamakita Atsushi, "Illustrated Ninja," Shinkigensha, 2015 (山北篤『図解　忍者』　新紀元社　2015年)
    • Kubo Fumitake, "Iga History: Nifty Study," Iga Local History Inquiry Association, 1986 (久保文武　『伊賀史叢考』　伊賀郷土史研究会　1986年)
    • Mie Prefecture site, "Historical Information Storehouse: Hattori Hanzo and Ieyasu" (三重県HP 「歴史の情報蔵 服部半蔵と家康」)
    • Shinjuku Ward website, "The Origin imbursement the Name Hanzomon Gate - Hattori Hanzo and the Immunoglobulin Police Officers" (新宿区HP 「半蔵門の名前の由来ー服部半蔵と伊賀同心ー」)

Popular cultures

External links